LED FADE
🔰 Introduction
Learn how to build a smooth LED Fade project using Arduino UNO or ESP32. This beginner-friendly project demonstrates Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)—a technique that allows you to control LED brightness gradually over time.
🔧 Components Needed
| Component | Quantity | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Arduino UNO or ESP32 | 1 | Any compatible board |
| LED | 1 | Any color |
| Resistor | 1 | 220Ω recommended |
| Breadboard | 1 | Optional but makes connections easy |
| Jumper Wires | 3–4 |
📷 Circuit Diagram
🧩 Schematic Diagram
🛠️ Wiring Instructions
- Insert the LED into the breadboard.
- Connect a 220Ω resistor to the long leg (anode) of the LED.
- Connect the other end of the resistor to PWM pin 9 (for Arduino UNO).
- For ESP32, use a PWM-capable pin like GPIO 5 or GPIO 18.
- Connect the short leg (cathode) of the LED to GND.
- Plug the board into your PC using a USB cable.
🧾 Arduino Code
arduino-led-fade-pwm.ino
int led = 9; // the PWM pin the LED is attached to
int brightness = 0; // how bright the LED is
int fadeAmount = 5; // how many points to fade the LED by
// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
void setup() {
// declare pin 9 to be an output:
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}
// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {
// set the brightness of pin 9:
analogWrite(led, brightness);
// change the brightness for next time through the loop:
brightness = brightness + fadeAmount;
// reverse the direction of the fading at the ends of the fade:
if (brightness <= 0 || brightness >= 255) {
fadeAmount = -fadeAmount;
}
// wait for 30 milliseconds to see the dimming effect
delay(30);
}
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